Ukuntywiliselwa kabini kweTshayina kuphumelela okokuqala kumanzi anzulu eArctic
Ngexesha lohambo lwenzululwazi lwaseTshayina lwe-15 lweArctic, iJiaolong yenza ukuntywila okokuqala kwindawo yomkhenkce yeArctic.
Ukongeza, umsebenzi wokuqala wentsebenziswano phantsi kwamanzi ehlabathini phakathi kwezinto ezintywiliselwa phantsi ezilawulwa ngabantu nezingenamntu kwimimandla yencam yomhlaba sele ugqityiwe.
Rekhoda ukuntywila elwandle lomkhenkce: uhambo lwenzululwazi lwase-Arctic lwaseTshayina luphumeza uninzi lokuqala lwehlabathi.
NgoSeptemba ka-2025, iqela laseTshayina le-15 leenzululwazi lolwandle lwe-Arctic labuya namawonga. Kolu hambo, i-"Jiaolong" enabantu abaphantsi kwamanzi kunye nesithuthi esilawulwa kude (ROV) yenze "indibaniselwano engaphantsi kwamanzi" kwaye yazuza impumelelo yokuqala yenzululwazi yehlabathi kulwandle lomkhenkce we-Arctic, iphawula ukungena ngokusemthethweni{3}}kweteknoloji yokuhlola ulwandle eTshayina kwixesha elitsha "lonke ukusebenza kolwandle".
Eyona mpumelelo imangalisayo yolu hambo lwezenzululwazi yinkqubo yokuqala yehlabathi yentsebenziswano phantsi kwamanzi phakathi kwezilwanyana ezintywiliselwa emanzini ezinoluntu nezingenamntu kwimimandla yencam yomhlaba. Nge-14 ka-Agasti -15, i-"Jiaolong" kunye ne-ROV zagqiba ukuntywila ezibini ezingundoqo kumanzi obude obuphezulu ngaphezu kwe-75℃N kuLwandlekazi lwe-Arctic: idive yokuqala ehlangeneyo ingqinisise indawo echanekileyo ephantsi kwamanzi kunye neteknoloji yonxibelelwano lwe-acoustic kwimimandla ye-polar, kwaye yoyisa iingxaki zokungazinzi komqondiso obangelwa ukuphazamiseka komkhenkce odadayo, i-anomali ye-geomali, njl. Kumsebenzi odibeneyo wesibini, i-ROV yabamba yonke inkqubo yesampulu ye "Jiaolong" yesiphekepheke. I-"Jiaolong" yesiphekepheke sanikezela ngeesampulu zamatye kunye neziphawuli zokusebenza kwi-ROV, kwaye ezi zimbini zingaphantsi komhlaba nazo zirekhoda idatha yomfanekiso omnye komnye, zifezekisa ukuhlanganiswa okunzulu "kobuchule bomntu kunye nokuchaneka komatshini". Le ndlela yentsebenziswano ivala umsantsa onganelanga{7}}umlinganiselo wesampulu yesampulu sangaphantsi kwamanzi anezandla, iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle okungaphezulu kwama-40%, kwaye imisela iparadigm entsha yophononongo oludibeneyo lwepolar enzulu yolwandle kwixesha elizayo.
Isiphekepheke seJiaolong sikwaphumeze ukuntywila komkhenkce eArctic okokuqala ngqa ngomntu waseTshayina ophantsi kwamanzi, ekhulisa amandla okuntywila elwandle eTshayina{0}}eselwandle ukusuka "kubunzulu bolwandle obugcweleyo" ukuya "kummandla wolwandle ogcweleyo". Ukumelana neemeko ezingqongileyo ezigqithisileyo ezinje -iqondo eliphantsi le-30 lobushushu obuphantsi kunye nomkhenkce oshinyeneyo odadayo kwimimandla epholileyo, iqela lophando lenze ngokwezifiso i-"Ice Armor" yokuphucula i-"Jiaolong" yesiphekepheke: inkqubo ye-hydraulic kunye nebhetri ye-lithium ziye zafumana amakhulu eemvavanyo zobushushu obuphantsi{5}}ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwi-degree℃- I-radar ye-multi-boam ifakwe phezulu ukuze ibone ukuhanjiswa kwexesha lokwenyani lomkhenkce odadayo, kwaye isixhobo sokulayisha sesibini songezwa ukulawula ngokuchanekileyo isantya esidadayo; Emva kokuphuculwa kwenkqubo yokukhangela, ukuchaneka kwendawo kuye kwafikelela kwinqanaba lemitha ye-1, ukusombulula ingxaki yokuphambuka okubangelwa yi-Arctic geomagnetic anomalies. Umqhubi weNkwili uFu Wentao udize ukuba owona mceli mngeni mkhulu wokuntywila enzulu elwandle lweArctic “lutshintsho oluguquguqukayo kumphezulu womkhenkce”. Iqela lophando lwezenzululwazi livelise ngokutsha indlela "yokufumana inqanawa engaphantsi kwamanzi", ephucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokubuyisela ngaphezulu kwe-30% ngokusebenzisa imiqadi emininzi kunye nokuma kwekhamera edibeneyo, ukuthintela umngcipheko wokubuyisela obangelwa kukukhukuliseka komkhenkce odadayo.
Kwinkalo yokufunyaniswa kwezenzululwazi, indibaniselwano yokuntywiliselwa kabini ibeke "iirekhodi zokuqala" ezininzi. Ngoncedo lwetekhnoloji yebhayometriki encediswa yi-AI, iqela lophando lwezenzululwazi lifumanise okokuqala umahluko obalulekileyo wesithuba ekusasazeni izinto eziphilayo ze-benthic kulwandle olunzulu lwe-Arctic. Kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zejoloji, ubuninzi bezinto eziphilayo ezifana nomsila wenyoka yaselwandle kunye ne-anemones yolwandle inokwahluka ukuya kumaxesha ali-10, kwaye ibonisa iimpawu ezizodwa "zabantu abancinci kunye nokwahlukana okuphezulu". Alikho elinye iqela eliqhelekileyo{4}}ikorali yolwandle kunye nesea cucumber amaqela elwandle afunyenweyo. Ikhamera yenkcazo ephezulu-ethathwe yi-ROV iphinde yabamba iintsalela ezikrokrelekayo zentwasahlobo ebandayo yeepockmarks, amatye e-carbonate, kunye{7}}neefosili ezinkulu ze-shellfish, inika ubungqina obungundoqo kuphando lothutho lwe-methane kwimbali yokwakheka komhlaba ye-Arctic. Ukongeza, ingqokelela edityanisiweyo yamanzi olwandle kunye neesampulu zentlenga ngokuntywiliselwa ngaphantsi kwamanzi kugcwalisa izithuba ezininzi zeparamitha yokusingqongileyo kummandla wobude obuphezulu woLwandlekazi lwe-Arctic, ibonelela ngedatha esisiseko yokuqikelela utshintsho lomkhenkce wolwandle.
Olu hambo lwenzululwazi luphinde lwavelisa indlela yokusebenza "yentsebenziswano yeenqanawa ezimbini kunye nonxibelelwano lwezixhobo ezininzi". I "Xuelong 2" iqhekeza lomkhenkce livule indawo yokusebenza, ngelixa "i-Deep Sea 1" iqhuba imigqaliselo ehambelanayo kunye ne-dual submersibles, kunye nezixhobo zomkhenkce ezisetyenzisiweyo ezingenamntu zifezekisa i-24-iyure yonke{8}}yokubeka iliso lemozulu. Inkqubo yonke inokufumana i-1.8 yeebhiliyoni zeeseti zedatha yendalo ye-polar ngonyaka, kwaye iindleko zombane nge-kilowatt ngeyure zilawulwa kwinqanaba elihamba phambili kumazwe ngamazwe. Ezi mpumelelo azibonisi kuphela ukuzithemba kwe-China{9}}kunye nokuziphucula{10}}kubuchwephesha{11}}bunzulu bolwandle, kodwa zikwabonelela ngesisombululo esisebenzayo nesinexabiso eliphantsi "isisombululo samaTshayina" sophando lwenzululwazi kwincam yomhlaba.
